A Guide To Abstract Expressionism

"Abstract expressionism evoked during world war II and began to be showcased during the early forties."

"The movement's name is derived from the combination of the emotional intensity of Expressionists with the anti-figurative abstract schools."

"An Abstract Expressionism piece of art was not meant to express a picture but a painting event."

"Abstract expressionism liberated the artist's procedures of creation and represented the total nihilistic liberation from value."

In 1919, the term "Abstract expressionism" was first used by the German art magazine Der Sturm (The Storm) published between 1910 and 1932. In 1929 in New York City, the American art historian and the first director of the Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr. (January 28, 1902 – August 15, 1981) used the "Abstract Expressionism" term for the first time in relation to works by the theosophical abstraction forerunner Wassily Kandinsky. During the period leading up to and during World War II, modernist artists, art critics, and art historians, as well as important art collectors and art dealers, fled Europe for a safe haven in the United States. In New York, Abstract expressionism arose during world war II and began to be showcased during the early forties at galleries such as The Art of This Century Gallery. After world war II, In 1946, the New Yorker American weekly magazine's art critic Robert Myron Coates (April 6, 1897 – February 8, 1973) coined the term “abstract expressionism” in reference to the works of Hans Hofmann, Arshile Gorky, Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and others. The term "Abstract expressionism" was used by Coates to describe the post-World War II art movement developed in New York City in the 1940s. Abstract Expressionism was the first specifically American movement to resonate internationally and put New York at the center of the avant-garde Western art movement, a role formerly filled by Paris. Abstract expressionism, like its predecessor surrealism, emphasized spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creations. The movement's name is derived from the combination of the emotional intensity of the German Expressionists with the anti-figurative aesthetic of the European abstract schools. Abstract Expressionism has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, emotional, and nihilistic, spontaneity characterized many of the abstract expressionists' works. In the 1940s, The Art of This Century, Pierre Matisse Gallery, Julien Levy Gallery, and a few other galleries were willing to follow the work of the New York Vanguard. During the late 1940s, abstract expressionism spread quickly throughout the United States, but, the epicenters of Abstract Expressionism were New York City and the San Francisco Bay area of California. Abstract expressionists' paintings share certain characteristics including working on large canvases and the importance of the edges as well as the center of the canvas. Abstract Expressionism represented the transformation of painting into an existential drama, The piece of art was not meant to express a picture but to record a painting event, the canvas was "an arena to act". The finished painting is only the physical residue of the actual rituals of art which were in the process of the painting's creation. Abstract Expressionism's biggest moment came when it was decided to paint just to paint and the rituals of making a work of art were the main focus of abstract expressionists. During the 1950s, Abstract Expressionism was considered representative of the US as a haven of free thought as well as a challenge to both the socialist realist styles prevalent in communist nations and the dominance of the European art markets. In general, Abstract expressionism expanded and liberated the artists' procedures of creating a piece of art and represented the total nihilistic liberation from value.

Light Red Over Black 1957 Mark Rothko

The Tragic Color Fields Of Mark Rothko

"Rothko favored the simple expression of the complex thought."

"Rothko's transitional decade was influenced by World War II and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche."

"Rothko utilized art as a tool of emotional and religious expression."

"Rothko's "Black on Grays" has been associated with his depression and suicide, and has been interpreted as "pictorial suicide notes."

"Rothko committed suicide on February 25, 1970, Rothko was found lying dead on the kitchen floor in front of the sink, covered in blood."

Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz was a Latvian-American abstract painter. Rothko is associated with the American Abstract Expressionist movement that evolved during world war II. Rothko emigrated from Russia with his family to Portland, Oregon, though his father's death led him back to religion, Rothko's Marxist and violently anti-religious father had a great influence on Rothko's artistic career. Rothko learned his fourth language, English, and became an active member of the Jewish community center. Rothko's move to New York landed him in a fertile artistic atmosphere. vanguard painters regularly exhibited in New York galleries, and the city's museums were a resource for an emerging artist's knowledge and skills. The beginning of his artistic career was when Rothko enrolled in the Parsons The New School for Design, where one of his instructors was "the overcharged with supervision" Arshile Gorky. Rothko began to view art as a tool of emotional and religious expression. In 1928, with a group of other young artists, Rothko exhibited works at the Opportunity Gallery. His paintings were generally accepted among critics. As a source of income, in 1929 Rothko began a career of instructing schoolchildren in drawing, painting, and clay sculpture at the Center Academy of the Brooklyn Jewish Center. During the early 1930s, Rothko was part of a group of young artists surrounding the painter Milton Avery. Avery gave Rothko the idea that the life of a professional artist was a possibility. In late 1935, Returning to New York, Rothko had his first East Coast one-person show at the Contemporary Arts Gallery. He showed fifteen oil paintings, mostly portraits, along with some aquarelles and drawings. Rothko's transitional decade was influenced by World War II and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche's "The Birth of Tragedy". Rothko believed modern man's spiritual emptiness resulted partly from a lack of mythology. Rothko believed his art would fill the modern man's spiritual starvation. Between 1947 and 1949, Rothko created what art critics have termed his transitional "multiform" paintings. The "multiforms" brought Rothko to a realization of his signature style of color fields, which he continued to produce for the rest of his life. Rothko's most remarkable color-field painting style depicts irregular and rectangular regions of color. Rothko painted canvases with regions of pure color which he further abstracted into rectangular color forms. Rothko's color-field paintings attempted to handle modern man's spiritual requirements. In Rothko's mature period (1951-1970), he consistently painted rectangular regions of color, intended to elicit an emotional response from the viewer. Rothko believed his titles limited the larger aims of his paintings. To allow the viewer's interpretation, he stopped naming and framing his paintings, referring to them only by numbers. Rothko wrote articles for two new art publications, Tiger's Eye and Possibilities. Using the forums as an opportunity to discuss in detail his own work and philosophy of art. Rothko favored large canvases, in Rothko's words, to make the viewer feel "enveloped within" the painting, Rothko even went so far as to recommend that viewers position themselves as little as eighteen inches away from the canvas, so that they might experience a sense of intimacy, as well as awe. For some critics, the large size was an attempt to make up for a lack of substance. Many of the early "multiforms" are composed of bright, vibrant colors, particularly reds, and yellows, expressing energy and ecstasy, a decade after the completion of the first "multiforms", Rothko began to employ dark blues and greens, this shift in colors was representative of the growing darkness within Rothko's personal life. During the late 1960s, Rothko painted a series known as the "Black on Grays", using black and grey-toned color fields. These canvases have been associated with his depression and suicide and have been interpreted as "pictorial suicide notes". Rothko adopted flat forms because they destroy illusion and reveal the truth. Rothko favored the simple expression of complex thought. Generally, abstract expressionists' spiritual aims exceeded their artistic pathways. As Rothko achieved success, he became increasingly protective of his works, turning down several potentially important sales and exhibition opportunities. Rothko committed suicide on February 25, 1970, Rothko was found lying dead on the kitchen floor in front of the sink, covered in blood. He had overdosed on barbiturates and cut an artery in his right arm with a razor blade. Although Rothko lived modestly for much of his life, the resale value of his paintings grew tremendously in the decades following his suicide. In 2021, one of Rothko's art pieces sold at auction for $82.5 million.